This contribution focuses on the renewal of the discourse on Africa. It looks at contemporary African thought, its perspectives and paradigms. Achille Mbembe, Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Felwine Sarr, etc., all attempt to make a dissident and singular presence in the world heard in an era that has been characterised by a post-colonial turn. Our article examines the ways in which Mbembe develops a new discourse on Africa and how the historian of Africa becomes a theorist of globalisation by initiating a conceptualisation of Afropolitanism and cosmopolitanism.